About palm
Oil palm (Elaeis) is an important industrial plants producing cookingoil, industrial oil, and fuel (biodiesel). Plantations generate huge profits, so many old plantation forest and converted into oil palm plantations. Indonesia is the world's second palm oil after Malaysia.
Type of oil palm
Oil palm is cultivated consists of two types: E. guineensis and E.oleifera. The first type is the first and largest cultivated people. E.oleifera is also now beginning to be cultivated to increase thediversity of genetic resources.
Dura is a palm whose fruits have a thick shell that is considered to shorten the processing machine age but usually large fruit bunchesand oil content per clusters ranging from 18%. Pisifera men do nothave shells but sterile female flowers, so very rarely produce fruit.Tenera is a cross between Dura and male parent Pisifera. This species is considered to complement the shortage of quality seeds for each parent with the nature of a thin shell of fruit but stillfertile female flowers. Some Tenera winning percentage of meatper piece up to 90% and oil content per clusters can reach 28%.
Results plants
Palm oil is used as raw materials for edible oils, margarine, soap,cosmetics, industrial steel, wire, radio, leather and pharmaceutical industries. Palm oil can be used for such a diverse designationbecause of its superior properties of oxidation resistance at high pressure, capable of dissolving chemicals that are not soluble byother solvents, have high power line and not cause irritation to thebody in the field of cosmetics.
The most popular for palm oil is processed from the fruit. Part fleshfruit produce crude palm oil is processed into cooking oil rawmaterials and various types of derivatives. The advantages of vegetable oil from palm is a low price, low cholesterol, and have ahigh carotene content. Palm oil is also processed into raw material for margarine.
Palm plantations in Indonesia
Province | Land area | |
---|---|---|
1 | Bangka-Belitung | 185.508 hectares |
2 | Banten | 14.894 hectares |
3 | Bengkulu | 202.863 hectares |
4 | West Irianjaya | 15.937 hectares |
5 | Jambi | 483.866 hectares |
6 | West Java | 10.580 hectares |
7 | West Kalimantan | 489.062 hectares |
8 | South Kalimantan | 290.852 hectares |
9 | Central Kalimantan | 1.114.320 hectares |
10 | East Kalimantan | 409.466 hectares |
11 | Riau Islands | 8.256 hectares |
12 | Lampung | 152.511 hectares |
13 | Papua | 19.818 hectares |
14 | Riau | 1.911.110 hectares |
15 | West Sulawesi | 94.319 hectares |
16 | South Sulawesi | 15.944 hectares |
17 | Central Sulawesi | 46.655 hectares |
18 | Southeast Sulawesi | 21.033 hectares |
19 | West Sumatera | 327.647 hectares |
20 | South Sumatera | 690.729 hectares |
21 | North Sumatera | 1.017.570 hectares |